ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a huge disruption worldwide with direct and indirect effects on travel behavior. In response to extensive community spread and potential risk of infection, during the early stage of the pandemic many state and local governments implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions that restricted non-essential travel for residents. This study evaluates the impacts of the pandemic on mobility by analyzing micro panel data (N = 1,274) collected in the United States via online surveys in two periods, before and during the early phase of the pandemic. The panel makes it possible to observe initial trends in travel behavior change, adoption of online shopping, active travel, and use of shared mobility services. This analysis intends to document a high-level overview of the initial impacts to spur future research to dive deeper into these topics. With the analysis of the panel data, substantial shifts are found from physical commutes to teleworking, more adoption of e-shopping and home delivery services, more frequent trips by walking and biking for leisure purposes, and changes in ridehailing use with substantial variations across socioeconomic groups. The social and environmental implications of these findings are discussed and suggestions for effective policy and directions for future research are made in the conclusion.
ABSTRACT
The present study applied the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to examine consumers' intention to shop online during the COVID-19 pandemic and its influence on purchasing behavior. The fear of shopping in a physical store due to COVID-19 was added to the model's key factors, which included attitudes towards e-shopping, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The study involved 406 participants aged over 18, who were all residents of the Regional Unit of Thessaloniki. The findings indicated that during the pandemic, the factors that influenced online purchase intention differed from those that would affect future purchase intention, with the fear of shopping in a physical store being the most influential. In particular, the results revealed that attitudes towards e-shopping, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and fear of shopping at a physical store positively affected the intention to make online purchases during the pandemic. In contrast, only attitudes toward e-shopping and perceived behavioral control affect future purchase intention. Furthermore, as expected, the intention to shop online influences actual online purchase behavior. © 2023 by the authors.
ABSTRACT
The research discusses about factors affecting Malaysian consumers' intention towards E-shopping during Covid-19 pandemic. The factors involved in this study are perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, subjective norms, product involvement, and perceived risk. In our current generation, online buyers are getting more pervasive due to the advancement in technology which will save the time of the online buyers. As the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak, there is a sharp increase of Malaysian consumers purchasing product and services from online platform. The research was conducted via a cross sectional study within a period of 6 months. Data was collected via online questionnaire from a total of 150 respondents and analysed using SPSS. The findings from this research indicates that perceived ease of use and subjective norm have a significant relationship with Malaysian consumers' intention towards E-shopping during Covid-19 pandemic. However, perceived usefulness, product intention and perceived risk did not have a significant relationship with Malaysian consumers' intention towards E-shopping during Covid-19 pandemic. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) came to dominate daily activities (e.g., e-working, e-shopping, and e-leisure). The intensive use of ICT might trigger higher levels of spatial fragmentation of daily activities, having significant consequences for planning purposes. This paper seeks to estimate how ICT use and habits affect the individuals' spatial fragmentation patterns in urban contexts on post-COVID-19 societies, while controlling for socioeconomic and built environment characteristics. The city of Alcala de Henares (Madrid Metropolitan Area, Spain) serves as the case study. The research design is based on activity diaries obtained by face-to-face interviews, and Tobit and Poisson regression analyses are used to examine the relationships between spatial fragmentation measures (outcome variable) and ICT use (predictors). The results reveal that ICT might originate higher spatial fragmentation for work-related activities than for shopping-leisure purposes. For working activities, higher spatial fragmentation patterns are found among people with higher willingness to e-work and individuals who e-work at least once a month, but rather dependent on the occupation type. Regarding shopping and leisure activities, higher spatial fragmentation patterns are noted with car owners and more frequent consumers of online entertainment. The study provides insight into how ICT use is transforming spaces traditionally adapted for a single purpose into multifunctional spaces as well as the spatial effect of this phenomenon.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought disruptive changes to society. In this chapter, we discuss how participation in activities and travel behavior choices have changed during the various stages of the pandemic through the analysis of data collected through multiple waves of surveys administered in 2020 in various regions of the United States. We present insights regarding how different aspects of life and mobility have reshaped during this period and discuss the potential temporary versus longer-term nature of the changes. We observe how some phenomena that presented a steep increase during the first stage of the pandemic started to decline, to some extent, in late 2020, whereas others, such as the adoption of remote work and increased reliance on personal vehicles, persisted also in the later stage of the pandemic at rates that are considerably higher than the prepandemic patterns. We discuss the different impacts that the pandemic has had on different segments of the population, and the importance for public policies to react to these new circumstances not only to account for the modified mobility and travel behavior landscape but also considering the socioeconomic and equity implications underneath these impacts.
ABSTRACT
Currently, we have eagerly been seizing the opportunity of online shopping. Buying goods via the internet is much more comfortable than hours wasted roaming through the shopping centre. After the economic crisis triggered by the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, the online world penetrated all spheres of our lives. The presented article explores functions and services to keep customers satisfied and loyal. The methods involved a questionnaire evaluated by correlation analysis, revealing more demanding requirements imposed on e-shops to make the web more credible. Further research should focus on expanding the data portfolio and comparing acquired data with previous results and findings from online traders.
ABSTRACT
With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) came to dominate daily activities (e.g., e-working, e-shopping, and e-leisure). The intensive use of ICT might trigger higher levels of spatial fragmentation of daily activities, having significant consequences for planning purposes. This paper seeks to estimate how ICT use and habits affect the individuals' spatial fragmentation patterns in urban contexts on post-COVID-19 societies, while controlling for socioeconomic and built environment characteristics. The city of Alcalá de Henares (Madrid Metropolitan Area, Spain) serves as the case study. The research design is based on activity diaries obtained by face-to-face interviews, and Tobit and Poisson regression analyses are used to examine the relationships between spatial fragmentation measures (outcome variable) and ICT use (predictors). The results reveal that ICT might originate higher spatial fragmentation for work-related activities than for shopping-leisure purposes. For working activities, higher spatial fragmentation patterns are found among people with higher willingness to e-work and individuals who e-work at least once a month, but rather dependent on the occupation type. Regarding shopping and leisure activities, higher spatial fragmentation patterns are noted with car owners and more frequent consumers of online entertainment. The study provides insight into how ICT use is transforming spaces traditionally adapted for a single purpose into multifunctional spaces as well as the spatial effect of this phenomenon.
ABSTRACT
The pandemic has led to an unprecedented change in the way people shop and the mode of shopping. Our paper examines how the pandemic and quarantine precipitates those changes in shopping on e-commerce platforms and use of digital solutions. The literature already talks about the perceived benefits of online shopping such as awareness of utility, awareness of easy to use, awareness of marketing policy, awareness of price and cost. Thus, we have used our research paper to study the triggers of online shopping during COVID19. We administered self-administered Google surveys and as primary and secondary data source to develop the model of perceived benefits of e-shopping during quarantine. The finding of the paper shows that consumer associates e-shopping with value for money, safety, a mode of relaxing, stress release during the quarantine period. The pandemic has changed the global business paradigm irreversibly. It has slowly transformed all business to make them customer centric and digital ready. This paper underlines the how the business can create better value for the customer by working on the perceived benefits to cater them in an effective way. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
ABSTRACT
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic is highly considered in the recent time because of its significant role in changing the behavior of trips. However, its effect on the shopping trips according to the shopping types is rarely considered. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the changes in the behavior of shopping trips and their control factors during the COVID-19 pandemic according to the shopping types. The considered shopping types are food and drinks, cosmetics, clothes and shoes, electronic devices, dolls and children products, electricity devices and furniture. The time of COVID-19 pandemic is divided into six stages stating from December 2019 to the recent time. The collected data are categorized into two groups. The first group represents the changes in the behavior of shopping trips including frequency, mode choice, distance of trip, and time of trip. The second group represents the socio demographic factors such as age, gender, marital states, income level, education level, and car ownership. It also includes the experience in using electronic facilities and location factor. The questionnaire form is used as a method of data collection. The results show increase in the rate of food, electronic devices and dolls shopping despite the remarkable decline in the rate of other shopping types between March 2020 and October 2020, after that the behavior has been similar to the behavior of shopping trips before COVID-19 pandemic. However, the frequency of using e-shopping and using walking in short shopping trips is still higher than before pandemic even in post-pandemic period. This encourages using avoid-shift strategy to promote sustainable transportation system and cities. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
For decades, the Philippines have been benefiting from brick-and-mortar shops but have altered dramatically after the COVID-19 pandemic. As the globe transitions to a new normal, this study aims to determine the factors that influence e-Shopping and online shopping. Specifically, it investigates the buyers’ characteristics in relation to their shopping preferences by utilizing the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. A total of 277 Filipinos answered the survey questionnaire, which contained 39 questions. The results of SEM indicated that buyers’ characteristics have a mediating effect on influence factors – environment, which identified that customers’ features include status shoppers, brand conscious, and recreational shoppers. Customers’ primary concern in online shopping is payment security and privacy, while others prefer to buy products online due to accessibility and convenience. Some brand conscious customers consider physical contact with products in shopping. On the other hand, the result also showed that influence factors – product and influence factors – environment have no significant direct effect on customer shopping preference. But customers find that orders are easy to place, 24 hours accessibility and several payment options are advantages in an online shopping interface. In contrast, the ability to touch the product, immediate availability of the product, and sales assistance are the advantages of in-store shopping. © IEOM Society International.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing lockdown measures have led to an increase in e-shopping. Using longitudinal data from before and during the pandemic, we find that the number of respondents who shop online at least once per week increased nearly five-fold between Fall 2019 (11.6%) and Spring 2020 (51.2%). We conduct a series of ordered logistic regressions to establish who is responsible for this recent rise in e-commerce and to determine whether it will be temporary or longer-lasting. We then discuss the equity implications and urban and regional restructuring that this change in e-shopping behavior may entail.
ABSTRACT
The global COVID-19 outbreak and consequent lockdown pushed consumers to engage in more e-shopping, which could lead to e-impulse purchases (e-IB). The purpose of this study is to investigate the interrelationships between e-impulse buying tendencies (e-IBT), e-impulse buying (e-IB), and customer satisfaction empirically (CS). The customers' intent to continue e-shopping is also investigated. Data was collected from 580 consumers in India's Union Territory of Delhi using a standardized instrument. The psychometric features of the research survey instrument were first verified using the LISREL Structural Equation Modeling Package. Hayes (2018) PROCESS was used to evaluate the moderated mediation model and hypotheses. The association between e-IBT and CS was empirically demonstrated to be mediated by e-IB. Furthermore, e-IBT is associated to e-IB in a good way. Furthermore, e-IB is positively connected to CS, indicating that consumers intend to continue shopping online. The findings also show that the e-IBT interacts with the website (first moderator) and stimulants and promotions (second moderator) to significantly influence the e-IB. Further, hedonic motives modify the e-IB-CS relationship. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
ABSTRACT
E-shopping is growing globally, and the COVID-19 pandemic further accentuated this tendency. In this paper, online shopping adoption is analysed in Lisbon immediately before the pandemic outbreak. By focusing on an urban area, the impact of variables such as internet access or access to delivery services is controlled, thus enhancing the remaining components of the online purchase. The results show that online shopping is spatially dependent in an intraurban environment as a reflex of residential location preferences of different socioeconomic groups. Moreover, as internet access and delivery services become widespread, residential location preferences may come to explain e-shopping adoption both in urban and non-urban environments. The e-shopping geography of Lisbon suggests that age and affluence are determinants in explaining e-shopping adoption, with a marked distinction between central areas and more peripheral ones, some of which include extensive social housing projects. Hence, if retailers move online, shopping opportunities may become scarce for some consumers due to their socioeconomic status and consequent residential preferences. Nevertheless, strategic partnerships between retailers and the public sector may be devised to improve shopping opportunities. Physical stores can be encouraged to locate in areas where consumers are less prone to shop online. E-shopping adoption may also be encouraged by the public sector by promoting digital literacy, especially considering that the share of the older population is growing in Portugal as in most European countries.